Energizing the Future: The Rise of Bendable Storage Materials

Synergistic effect of thermal activation and plasma. Credit: POSTECH

Imaging being able to wear your smartphone on your wrist, not as a watch, but literally as a flexible band that surrounds around your arm. How about clothes that charge your gadgets just by wearing them?

Recently, a collaborative team led by Professor Jin Kon Kim and Dr. Keon-Woo Kim of Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Professor Taesung Kim and M.S./Ph.D. student Hyunho Seok of Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), and Professor Hong Chul Moon of University of Seoul (UOS) has brought a step closer to making this reality. This research work was published in Advanced Materials

Challenges in Developing Flexible Devices

Mesoporous metal oxides (MMOs) are characterized by pores ranging from 2 to 50 nanometers (nm) in size. Due to their extensive surface area, MMOs have various applications, such as high-performance energy storage and efficient catalysis, <span class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="

semiconductors

Semiconductors are a type of material that has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor (such as copper) and an insulator (such as rubber). Semiconductors are used in a wide range of electronic devices, including transistors, diodes, solar cells, and integrated circuits. The electrical conductivity of a semiconductor can be controlled by adding impurities to the material through a process called doping. Silicon is the most widely used material for semiconductor devices, but other materials such as gallium arsenide and indium phosphide are also used in certain applications.

” data-gt-translate-attributes=”[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]” tabindex=”0″ role=”link”>semiconductors, and sensors.

However, the integration of MMOs on wearable and flexible devices remains a great challenge, because plastic substrates could not maintain their integrity at elevated temperatures (350°C or above) where MMOs could be synthesized.

Simultaneously induction of metal oxides formation and template removal. Credit: POSTECH

The research team tackled this problem by using the synergetic effect of heat and <span class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="

plasma

Plasma is one of the four fundamental states of matter, along with solid, liquid, and gas. It is an ionized gas consisting of positive ions and free electrons. It was first described by chemist Irving Langmuir in the 1920s.

” data-gt-translate-attributes=”[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]” tabindex=”0″ role=”link”>plasma to synthesize various MMOs including vanadium oxide (V₂O₅), renowned high-performance energy storage materials, V₆O₁₃, TiO₂, Nb₂O_5, and WO₃, on flexible materials at much lower temperatures (150 ~ 200 ^oC). The high reactive plasma chemical moieties provide enough energy that could be compensated by high temperature. The fabricated devices could be bent thousands of times without losing the energy storage performance.

Professor Jin Kon Kim, the leading researcher, expressed his opinion, stating: “We’re on the brink of a revolution in wearable tech. Our breakthrough could lead to gadgets that are not only more flexible but also much more adaptable to our daily needs.”

Reference: “Low-Temperature, Universal Synthetic Route for Mesoporous Metal Oxides by Exploiting Synergistic Effect of Thermal Activation and Plasma” by Keon-Woo Kim, Hyunho Seok, Sihoon Son, Su-Jeong Park, Chanwoo Yang, Dongho Lee, Hyo-Chang Lee, Jihun Mun, Hee-Jung Yeom, Min Young Yoon, Bomi Park, Se Hyun Kim, Changshin Jo, Hong Chul Moon, Taesung Kim and Jin Kon Kim, 19 January 2024, Advanced Materials.
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311809

This research was supported by National Creative Initiative Research Program, the Basic Research in Science & Engineering Program, and the Nano & Material Technology Development Program.